Abstract Brazil’s beer industry has experienced a significant growth over the recent years, driving professionals to seek brewing beer focused on quality aspects. As a result of this movement, the consumer attention to products that highlight the national or local identity has rocketed in recent times, especially Brazilian types of beers, as Catharina Sour. Catharina Sour beer was produced using the traditional method to acidify the wort by lactic fermentation and using a bee pollen, as a newer source of microorganism to produce sour beers. For that, mango and passion fruit were used, including barley and wheat malt, yeast, and hop. Some physicochemical analyses were made according to EBC (European Brewery Convention) guidelines, to raise information about the process and final product. There were close correlations between the physic-chemical, sensory and liquid chromatography analysis, showing that the presence of pollen, and consequently the presence of yeast, acetic acid bacteria and fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLABs), can bring different aromas to Catharina Sour beers, showing an excellent potential to use this newer source of microorganisms to produce sour beers.

This work presents the development of a low-cost spin coater for thin film deposition as an alternative to commercial equipment that have high acquisition cost. The proposed spin coater uses a brushless motor taken from an unused hard disk, which is activated through the association of an electronic speed controller (ESC) and an Arduino microcontroller. During deposition, the rotating substrate is attached with a vacuum clamping system. For the control, the system uses a Hall effect sensor to read the engine speed. The rotation readings performed by the equipment sensor were validated with a tachometer. Finally, TiO2 films were deposited on glass substrates with ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy to obtain the transmittance of the films at different rotation speeds. lowcost low cost disk ESC (ESC microcontroller control tachometer Finally TiO Indium Oxide UVVis UV Vis speeds

SUMMARY Objetive: To monitor the light curing units available at undergraduate dental clinics of a Brazilian Public Higher Education Institution for seven uninterrupted years. Materials and methods: In the period between 2011-2017, the quality control of light curing units at the Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, was evaluated by analyzing their state of conservation and power density (mW/cm2). Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and Levene, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Chi-square tests (P <0.05). Results: Regarding the conservation status of the light curing units, comparatively, there was no statistically significant difference between the years 2012, 2016 and 2017 (p> 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found for power density values between years (p <0.0001). In pairwise comparisons, the power density values for the years 2011 (p <0.01) and 2012 (p <0.05) were statistically different from the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Conclusions: A significant improvement in the state of conservation of light curing units was observed in the initial four years of evaluations, with a decline in the fifth year and stabilization in the last two years. Regarding the power density of the light curing units, a gradual increase was observed in the seven years of study, with stabilization of the results after the fifth year of quality control.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar, durante siete años ininterrumpidos, un control y seguimiento de las fuentes de luz disponibles en las clínicas odontológicas de pre graado de una Institución de Enseñanza Superior Pública Brasileña. Material y métodos: Durante el período comprendido entre 2011-2017 se evaluó el control de calidad de las fuentes de luz de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Goiás a través del análisis de su estado de conservación y de su densidad de potencia (mW/cm2). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis estadístico descritpivo y a las pruebas de Levene, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn y Chi-cuadrado (P<0,05). Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas del estado de conservación de las fuentes de luz entre los años 2012, 2016 y 2017 (p>0,05). Sí se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los valores de densidad de potência entre dichos años (p<0,0001). En las comparaciones por pares, los valores de densidad de potencia para los años 2011 (p<0,01) y 2012 (p<0,05) fueron estadísticamente diferentes de los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Conclusiones: Comparativamente se observó una mejora sustancial del estado de conservación de las fuentes de luz en los cuatro años iniciales de evaluaciones, con una disminución en el quinto año y una estabilización en los dos últimos años. Durante los siete años de estudio de la densidad de potencia de las fuentes de luz se observó en un aumento gradual de la misma con una estabilización de los resultados a partir del quinto año de control de calidad.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to relate the occurrence of visible losses in silage (effluent, spoiled top-layer and during feedout) with silage-making practices, physical and chemical characteristics of silage, and milk composition in Brazilian dairy herds. One-hundred and eight silos from 95 farms, in the State of Parana, were visited for data collection. Data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact and Pearson Correlation Test. Effluent loss was higher in silages with the lowest dry matter content. Using unwalled clamp (drive-over piles) silos, neglecting a protection over the plastic film, and unloading silage with a bucket increased the occurrence of top spoilage. Feedout losses were higher in farms where: the crop was harvested with self-propelled machines; the particle size was larger, and the silage density was lower. There was no relationship between visible losses and silage composition or milk composition, except for milk fat content that, unexpectedly, there was a positive correlation with spoiled silage in the top-layer. Silage losses are reduced by adopting good practices during silage production and feedout.

ABSTRACT: Ensiling corn for longer periods is a strategy used to increase rumen bacteria access to starch. In fact, when corn is ensiled for insufficient periods, starch digestibility decreases, as evidenced by excreted starch. This study investigates the effects of corn silage ensiling time on starch digestibility of dairy cows through fecal starch analysis. The trial was conducted during the spring of 2013 and the fall of 2014 on twenty dairy herds located in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Total mixed ration (TMR), whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and fecal samples were collected for determination of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and starch. Apparent total tract starch digestibility (ATTSD) was calculated using equations developed by Fredin et al. (2014) and Bal et al. (1997). Data were analyzed using the CORR, REG and GLM procedures of SAS. Spring and fall WPCS were ensiled for 260 and 132 days, respectively (p < 0.01). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in ATTSD-Fredin from season to season though there was a trend (p = 0.11) towards greater ATTSD-Bal for spring samples. ATTSD-Bal was positively correlated with ensiling days (r = 0.31). Starch digestibility was not negatively affected by WPCS harvesting maturity. Differences in post-ruminal starch digestion, variation between farms in DM intake and diets, limitations of the equations, influence of uncontrolled factors, and the small number of experimental units might have contributed to the absence of significant results. Overall, Bal et al. (1997) equation was more efficient in distinguishing ATTSD from different ensiling periods.

RESUMO O volume de resíduos sólidos produzido vem aumentando de modo desordenado e prejudicial à natureza, uma vez que não são dados a ele fins adequados. Um dos resíduos sólidos que mais vem preocupando ambientalistas, sociedade e governo são os pneus inservíveis, os quais possuem materiais em sua composição que demoram centenas de anos para se deteriorar. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a viabilidade do uso de granulados de borracha de pneus inservíveis na fabricação de tijolos comuns de concreto, tornando-se uma alternativa de destinação para pneus descartados no meio ambiente. Para tanto, foram produzidos tijolos de referência (sem resíduo) e com adições de 5%, 10% e 20% de granulado de borracha em substituição ao agregado miúdo, comparando-os através de ensaios de compressão simples e absorção de água nos blocos. Além disso, os tijolos produzidos foram comparados a blocos maciços cerâmicos utilizados na região de Catalão, Goiás. Houve também a caracterização química e granulométrica dos materiais utilizados para compor os tijolos ecológicos. Frente aos resultados é possível concluir que os blocos com adição do resíduo de borracha apresentaram menor densidade e peso próprio, além de possuírem maior taxa de absorção. Em relação à resistência à compressão, percebeu-se que houve uma queda de aproximadamente 76% com a adição de borracha, não havendo significativa alteração até 20% de borracha. Mesmo com estas características os tijolos atenderam às exigências das normas, o que possibilita sua indicação para alvenaria de vedação.

ABSTRACT The volume of solid waste produced is increasing disorderly and harmful to nature, since they are not given him proper purposes. One of the solid waste that is more worrying environmentalists, society and government are the scrap tires, which have materials in its composition that take hundreds of years to decay. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using rubber waste tire granulates in the manufacture of common concrete bricks, becoming an alternative destination for tires discarded in the environment. For this purpose, reference bricks (no residue) and 5%, 10% and 20% additions of crumb rubber were produced in replacement of the small aggregate, comparing them by simple compression tests and water absorption in the blocks. In addition, the bricks produced were compared the Ceramic massive blocks used in the region of Catalão, Goiás. There was also the chemical characterization and particle size of the materials used to compose the ecological bricks. In view of the results it is possible to conclude that the blocks with addition of the rubber waste tire presented lower density and own weight, besides having a higher rate of absorption. Regarding the compressive strength, it was observed that there was a decrease of approximately 76% with the addition of rubber, and there was no significant change up to 20% of rubber. Even with these characteristics, the bricks have met the requirements of the standards, which allows their indication for masonry.

RESUMO Paciente do gênero masculino, 69 anos, fumante, diagnosticado com câncer de pulmão de pequenas células, metastático para pulmão, fígado e sistema nervoso central. Foi administrada quimioterapia com carboplatina AUC 5 no dia 1 e etoposídeo 100mg/m2 nos dias 1, 2 e 3. Durante o primeiro ciclo, o paciente apresentou neutropenia febril e distensão abdominal. Tomografias de tórax, abdome e pelve detectaram gás dissecando a parede do cólon sigmoide, com extensão para o mesossigmoide. O paciente não apresentava dor abdominal, náusea, vômito e não tinha sinais de irritação peritoneal, taquicardia ou instabilidade hemodinâmica compatíveis com perfuração ou abdome agudo. O achado radiológico foi interpretado como pneumatose intestinal causada por etoposídeo. A resolução do quadro ocorreu após suplementação de oxigênio. O segundo ciclo foi administrado após resolução completa do quadro, com redução da dose do quimioterápico em 30%. O paciente evoluiu de forma bastante satisfatória.

ABSTRACT A 69-year-old male patient, smoker, was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer metastatic to lung, liver and central nervous system. He received chemotherapy with carboplatin AUC 5 on day 1 and etoposide 100mg/m2 on days 1, 2 and 3. During the first cycle, the patient presented with febrile neutropenia and abdominal distension. Chest, abdomen and pelvis computed tomography scan was performed and detected gas dissecting the wall of sigmoid colon extending to the mesosigmoid. Patient had no abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and on physical examination he had no peritoneal irritation, tachycardia or hemodynamic instability compatible with perforation or acute abdomen. Therefore, the radiological finding was interpreted as pneumatosis intestinalis caused by chemotherapy with etoposide. Pneumatosis resolved after continuous oxygen therapy. The second cycle was administered after a complete resolution of the clinical condition and etoposide dose was reduced by 30%. The patient experienced a remarkable evolution.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar as concentrações de P disponível extraído pelos métodos de Mehlich-1 (M1), Resina trocadora de íons (RTI) e Morgan Modificado (MM), após 36 meses de experimentação com aplicação de fosfatos em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (SILP). Ainda, verificar qual método de extração proporciona melhor correlação com atributos da cultura do milho. O delineamento empregado foi em esquema fatorial incompleto, com quatro repetições. Foram aplicadas doses de P2O5, na superfície do solo, por ocasião da semeadura da forrageira de inverno, nas formas de superfosfato triplo (SFT), fosfato natural reativo (FNR) e termofosfato magnesiano (TFM). Após 36 meses, procederam-se coletas de solos das camadas de 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20 cm, visando determinar as concentrações de P disponível. Na cultura do milho foram quantificados o rendimento de massa seca (RMS), o rendimento de grãos (RG), o acúmulo de fósforo na massa seca (P-MS) e a exportação de fósforo (P-Ex). A RTI extraiu maiores quantidades de P disponível, seguida do extrator de M1 e do MM. Nos tratamentos que receberam aplicação de SFT, os extratores de M1 e RTI obtiveram eficiência semelhante quando correlacionados com os atributos de RMS, RG, P-MS e P-Ex do milho. Para as fontes insolúveis em água (FNR e TFM), o P extraído pela RTI melhor se correlacionou com o P-MS e o P-Ex. A solução de MM foi ineficiente para prever a biodisponibilidade de P para o milho, cultivado em solo que recebeu a aplicação de doses e fontes de P, em SILP.

The objectives of this study were to assess the concentrations of available phosphorus (P) extracted using the Mehlich-1 (M1), ion exchange resin (IER) and modified Morgan (MM) methods after 36 months of experimentation with the application of phosphates in a crop-livestock integration system (CLIS). Moreover, this study aimed to assess which extraction method provides the best correlation of P concentrations with the maize crop attributes. The treatments consisted of applying annual doses of P2O5 on the soil surface of the total area during the sowing of winter forage crops in the form of triple superphosphate (TSP), rock phosphate (RP) or magnesium thermophosphate (MTP). After 36 months of experimentation, soil samples were collected from the 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm layers to assess the concentrations of available P. The dry matter yield (DMY), the grain yield (GY), the accumulation of phosphorus in the dry matter (P-DM) and the export of phosphorus (P-Ex) were quantified in maize. The IER method extracted greater amounts of available P, followed by the M1 and MM extractions. The treatments that included the application of TSP and either the M1 or IER extractions had similar efficacies when correlated with the DMY, GY, P-DM and P-Ex attributes of maize. The P extracted by the IER was most correlated with P-DM and P-Ex for the water-insoluble P sources (RP and MTP). The MM solution was ineffective at predicting the availability of P for maize grown in a soil with that had received varying doses and sources of P applications in a CLIS.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de fontes e doses de fósforo (P), aplicados na superfície do solo, por ocasião da semeadura de forrageiras anuais de inverno, sobre o acúmulo de P e rendimento das culturas de milho, soja, aveia preta e azevém anual, em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária, ao longo de três anos. O experimento foi instalado em abril/2009, no município de Castro-PR, empregando-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso e esquema fatorial incompleto, com quatro repetições. Foram aplicadas doses (0; 60; 120 e 180 kg ha-1) de P2O5 total por ocasião da semeadura da forrageira de inverno, nas formas de superfosfato triplo (SFT), fosfato natural reativo (FNR-Arad) e termofosfato magnesiano (TFM). Foram avaliados os rendimentos de massa seca de aveia preta (2009 e 2011) e azevém anual (2010), de grãos de milho (2009/10 e 2011/12) e soja (2010/11), e o acúmulo de P nestas culturas. O uso de SFT aumentou o rendimento de massa seca total (MST) e acúmulo de P apenas para a aveia preta no primeiro ano. No segundo ano, a aplicação de TFM proporcionou maior acúmulo de P para o azevém anual. Para a soja, tanto a aplicação de TFM quanto de SFT proporcionaram maior acúmulo e exportação de P nos grãos. No terceiro ano, o uso de TFM proporcionou maior rendimento de MST e acúmulo de P tanto para a aveia preta quanto para a cultura do milho, caracterizando maior efeito residual.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the sources and levels of surface-applied (broadcast) phosphorus (P) when sowing the winter annual forages on phosphorus accumulation and yields of maize, soybean, black oat and annual ryegrass crops in a crop-livestock integration system over three years. The experiment was established in April 2009, in the municipality of Castro, Parana, Brazil. The treatments consisted of the broadcast application when sowing the winter forages of four doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 year-1) of total P2O5 as triple superphosphate (TSP), rock phosphate (RP-Arad) and magnesium termophosphate (MTP). The dry matter yields of black oat (2009 and 2011), annual ryegrass (2010), maize (2009/10 and 2011/12) and soybean (2010/11) and the accumulation of P in these crops were assessed. TSP provided the highest yield of total dry matter (TDM) and P accumulation only for black oat in the first year of cultivation. In the second year, MTP resulted in higher P accumulation than occurred with the other P sources in annual ryegrass and soybean, and both MTP and TSP provided higher P accumulation and grain export. In the third year, MTP provided a higher TDM yield and P accumulation for both the black oat and maize crops, resulting in the greatest residual effect over time.